Oily skin, scientifically referred to as seborrhea, is a result of excessive production of sebum by the sebaceous glands. Sebum is a waxy, oily substance that protects and hydrates the skin. However, when produced in excess, it can lead to oily skin, clogged pores, and acne breakouts.
Here's the science behind it:
1) Hormonal Fluctuations
Androgens
These are male hormones present in both men and women. A surge in androgens can stimulate sebaceous glands to produce more oil. This is why oily skin and acne are common during puberty, menstrual cycles, and other periods of hormonal fluctuation.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
High levels of IGF-1 have also been linked to increased sebum production.
2) Genetics
If your parents or siblings have oily skin, there's a good chance you might too. Genetic factors can dictate how large your sebaceous glands are and how much sebum they produce.
3) Diet
Certain foods have been associated with increased sebum production:
High glycemic foods - Foods that quickly spike blood sugar can increase IGF-1 levels, which in turn can stimulate oil production. Examples include sugary drinks, cakes, and certain breads.
Dairy products - Some studies suggest that dairy, particularly skim milk, can promote oily skin and acne.
4) Environmental Factors
Humidity and Hot Weather - High humidity levels can activate the sebaceous glands to produce more oil.
Cold and Windy Conditions - These can strip the skin of moisture, causing the skin to produce more oil as a protective response.
5) Skin Care Products and Routine
Over-washing - Washing the face too often can strip the skin of natural oils, prompting it to produce even more oil to compensate.
Using inappropriate products - Heavy, occlusive products can trap oil and exacerbate oily skin. Conversely, using harsh products can dry out the skin, again causing it to produce more oil in response.
6) Stress
Stress can stimulate the production of cortisol, a hormone that can lead to an increase in oil production in the skin.
7) Medications
Certain medications, including hormonal birth control and hormone replacement therapies, can influence sebum production.
8) Age
- Sebum Regulation - Niacinamide has been shown to reduce the production of sebum, making it a go-to ingredient for those battling oily skin.
- Strengthens Skin Barrier - It aids in the synthesis of essential lipids which bolster the skin's protective barrier, preventing environmental damage and reducing moisture loss.
- Anti-inflammatory - This property makes niacinamide an excellent choice for those with acne-prone skin, as it can help reduce the inflammation associated with active breakouts.
- Deep Pore Cleansing - Salicylic Acid is oil-soluble, allowing it to penetrate deeply into pores, dissolving excess sebum and preventing clogs.
- Exfoliation - It works on the surface of the skin to slough away dead skin cells, preventing them from clogging pores and leading to breakouts.
- Anti-inflammatory - Like Niacinamide, Salicylic Acid has anti-inflammatory properties, helping to calm red, inflamed breakouts.
The Dynamic Duo: Why They Work Together
Combining Niacinamide and Salicylic Acid can offer a comprehensive approach to managing oily skin:
- While Niacinamide works to regulate sebum production, Salicylic Acid dives deep into the pores, clearing them of sebum build-up. - Both ingredients offer anti-inflammatory benefits, making this combo a potent solution for reducing the severity and frequency of breakouts. - Niacinamide's ability to strengthen the skin's barrier complements the exfoliating properties of Salicylic Acid, ensuring that the skin remains hydrated and protected while undergoing the exfoliation process.
Incorporating products with these ingredients into your skincare routine can help in keeping the oil at bay, refining the skin's texture, and reducing breakouts. Always remember to introduce new products gradually and monitor how your skin reacts, as the goal is to achieve a balanced, healthy complexion.
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